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On the other hand, because we were unable to control for the type of cigarettes smoked, pipe and cigar smoking, environmental smoking exposure, residual confounding by smoking may still remain in the current study, albeit to a lesser extent.
This prospective study examined how environmental smoking affects the perception of lifetime smoking prevalence and thereby the likelihood of subsequent regular smoking.
It also included questions about exposure to environmental smoking, allergies, breastfeeding, and antibiotic consumption.
Daily exposure to environmental smoking was associated with an increased antibiotic use.
Exposure to environmental smoking was divided into no (no exposure at all) and yes (daily exposure, including smoking outside).
The potential associations among early childhood caries, feeding practices, maternal and environmental smoking exposure, Socio-Economic Status (SES) and several behavioral determinants were investigated.
Similar(35)
Researchers have suggested several possible explanations, including environmental toxins, smoking, low levels of vitamin D, and certain infections.
Interactions between the genotypes and each of the environmental factors, smoking status, smoking duration, average smoking intensity and alcohol consumption, were analysed by estimating separate associations for each genotype (homozygous wild type, heterozygous type and homozygous variant type).
This disorder is associated with genetic mutations and environmental influences (aging, smoking, and diet).
Arora et al. (2009) correctly stated that the main source of human exposure to environmental Cd is smoking.
We explored the role of sociodemographic and environmental factors in smoking susceptibility in a low-income setting.
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