It can be noted that such a definition has been historically at the basis of sound at cinema, where "music", "voice", and "sound" have always been treated in specific ways [2, 3], and thus it is, in some sense, "classic", as it simply establishes that "sound" (here intended as the fictional acoustic environmental scene) has a residual nature with respect to speech and music.
These articles demonstrate that emergency responders have been exposed to both direct terrorist threats and environmental scene hazards, including airborne particles, structural collapse, fire, and psychological stress.
To understand which types of EPIs generate the most empathy, we vary them in two dimensions: (1) metaphorical versus literal representations and (2) animal scenes versus environmental scenes.
While the text was written by Beebe, the illustrations were provided by several artists: Robert Bruce Horsfall, who had accompanied Beebe on the expedition, painted the environmental scenes for the illustrations' backgrounds, while the pheasants themselves were painted by other artists including George Edward Lodge, Charles R. Knight, and Louis Agassiz Fuertes.
The avatars investigated in the present study further have the advantage that they are implemented within a game engine so that they can be easily included into interactive and realistic social environmental scenes.
A recent eye-tracking study revealed that chimpanzees view faces of animals in a human-like manner, gazing at the faces of conspecifics, humans, and other animals longer than environmental scenes and other parts of their bodies [8].
Some research findings suggest that mental transformation of a perceived object (such as mental rotation) can be dissociated from transformations of larger environmental scenes (Hegarty & Waller, 2004; Kozhevnikov & Hegarty, 2001) and from visualizing spatial locations (Thompson, Slotnick, Burrage, & Kosslyn, 2009).
However, our activation was slightly anterior to the "place area" regions typically associated with the perceptual processing of environmental scenes, and so may relate more specifically to the learning of environmental layout for the purposes of navigation, and the nearby activation of the hippocampus.
For well over a decade, it was a vast environmental crime scene, where bribes to city workers opened the gates to an estimated 1.1 million gallons of illegally dumped toxic waste.
In addition to looking like environmental crime scenes, unconventional oil projects are a global catastrophe: tar sands for example create around three times more emissions than the same barrel of conventional oil.
Thus, cellular systems maintain homeostasis partly by ensuring that processes do not depend on any single component, which could easily be perturbed by mutation or environmental effects, setting the scene for synthetic lethal interactions [4,11,13].
