Exact(2)
Most notable is the change which occurred following the onset of climatic aridity at 5900 cal yr BP, when the region's semi-nomadic, herder-gatherer populations abandoned much of the landscape and concentrated in selected environmental refugia, such as along the northern Omani coast.
During glacial periods, small and isolated populations may be left behind within environmental refugia, especially in northern parts of a species' range.
Similar(58)
Environmental gradients and refugia within landscapes have been included in conservation planning in the Cape Floristic Region (Cowling and Pressey 2001; Hannah et al. 2005; Pressey et al. 2007) and the Thicket Biome of South Africa (Rouget et al. 2006).
At present, it is a thriving field of research aiming to disentangle the relative importance of glacial refugia, extrinsic environmental factors and species interactions, aided to the ability of locating species boundaries, phylogeographical breaks and hybrid zones [ 1].
Although high-altitude mountain habitats are often regarded as unfavorable for human occupation (e.g. Aldenderfer 2014); on the other hand tropical highlands in Africa are suggested as potential refugia during times of environmental stress (e.g. Basell 2008; Brandt et al. 2012).
As a consequence, habitat distributions changed and species had to retract to glacial refugia or adopt to new environmental conditions during glacial maxima [ 2, 3].
The important level of genetic diversity observed in the clades may indicate that the ancestral taxon was genetically diverse before it became fragmented and that this genetic diversity was maintained in isolated allopatric refugia because they provided stable environmental conditions allowing for genetic accumulation.
Riegl, B. & Piller, W. E. Possible refugia for reefs in times of environmental stress.
The southwestern region of China located southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, is known to be a biodiversity hotspot due to its complex topology and unusual environmental conditions [ 82] and provided glacial refugia for various plant species in the Quaternary glaciations [ 28, 83, 84].
While small body size increases vulnerability to environmental conditions, it also allows access to micro-refugia inaccessible to larger vertebrates [ 42].
Aggregates greatly reduced damage to and mortality of residual trees (particularly at lower levels of retention) and provided short-term refugia for forest organisms sensitive to disturbance or environmental stress (e.g., bryophytes and late-seral herbs).
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