First, they have a focus on testing at least one of the following environmental characteristics: prospect, refuge, mystery and/or complexity.
Here, we studied the effect of vertical rod structures, designed to increase environmental complexity and provide refuge, on several commonly cited anxiety-related behaviours and whole-body levels of the stress hormone cortisol in juvenile zebrafish measured over a 1-week period.
According to the National Wildlife Refuge Association, heavy rains and winds caused massive flooding and erosion, and extensive environmental damage on 40 refuges.
And the Senate has never wanted to subject the refuge to the environmental damage that drilling would bring.
Environmental groups argue that the refuge, which is protected from oil exploration until Congress says otherwise, should be sacrosanct.
Those standards have been included in energy bills before Congress for several years but have been held up by partisan disputes over the administration's desire to drill for oil in the Alaskan wildlife refuge and other environmental issues.
So far, BP, which pumps slightly more than 300,000 barrels of oil a day from Alaska, has sidestepped the question of drilling on the coastal plain of the refuge, an emotional environmental issue that gained national attention during the presidential race.
Both said Mr. Bush's plans for the Arctic refuge would cause irreversible environmental damage.
The ultra-conservative activists who seized the Malheur refuge were fighting against environmental restrictions aimed at protecting open space and public lands – policies cowboys said had slowly eroded their way of life.
Most species within these two groups actively dig and maintain burrows in the sediment as a refuge from predation and environmental extremes.
