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In any case, it is not possible to establish clear cut-off points separating entirely different environmental episodes.
All prehistoric occupation horizons occur during stable environmental episodes but under both temperate and cold climatic conditions.
Many of the examined derivatives can be produced by intermediary metabolism and environmental decomposition, suggesting that environmental episodes may exhibit great variation in both degree and effect (Baden and Tomas 1988; Ingle 1954).
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Beringian paleontological records store a wealth of information that can be used to investigate how predator prey and competitive interactions among consumers shifted in response to past episodes of environmental change.
In particular, the paper addresses Iceland during the medieval period (with a secondary, comparative focus on Norse Greenland) and discusses episodes where environmental and climatic changes have appeared to cross key thresholds for agricultural productivity.
They end the book's first section by discussing the environmental events (including two episodes when nearly all the earth froze!) associated with the gradual oxygenation of first the atmosphere, then the ocean, that set the stage for the explosive diversification of fossilizable life.
Covariation between sex-bias and environmental stimulus across breeding episodes differed between the populations.
Similarly, these studies provide important exposure response data with regard to the sequence of asthma episodes and environmental exposures in symptomatic asthma.
However, selective episodes driving environmental adaptation are expected to be of low frequency and intensity, leaving variants associated with very subtle functional ramifications.
From the evoecotoxicologic perspective, these major up and down episodes in environmental stress conditions should be reflected in the ontogeny of living organisms.
Colonization of inland freshwater aquifers by this preadapted marine fauna might have proceeded as a natural extension of their primary niche, followed by an adaptive shift; this process would be independent of the occurrence of environmental constraints, such as episodes of glaciation, drought or marine regression [ 17, 18].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com