After the mean values were normalized for each environment, trait values for each line in all environments were averaged, and used for genome-wide mapping.
We detect natural selection on a suite of phenological and morphological traits in the greenhouse in non-saline environments, traits associated with faster vegetative growth rates are favored by selection, while in saline environments traits associated with salinity tolerance (e.g., increased leaf water content) and earlier germination and flowering are favored (Table 2).
In order to estimate the genetic correlation between performance measured in the two environments, traits measured in France (F) and Taiwan (T) were treated as distinct BW16T and BW16F, the subscript indicating the environment.
ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics GETT: Genome-Environment-Trait; PGP: Personal Genome Project.
In phenotypically plastic traits, environment-trait associations reflect immediate environmental responses rather than local genetic adaptation, and selective change might be buffered in complex ways (Sultan 2007).
We also provide access to genome interpretations as produced by the Genomes-Environments-Trait (GET -Evidence system, which provides a mechanism for continued improvement in GET -Evidenceretation and annotation through participant engagement and community review of the systemific literature [ 8].
Based on the present study, it would seem that artificial selection has only altered the mean across-environment trait and not the reaction norm itself, although a study of backcrossed farmed and wild Atlantic salmon from the same region did yield significant differences in reaction norms for traits in early life (Darwish and Hutchings 2009).
For example, much research in the past decade investigates moderation of environment-trait correlations by candidate genes, following one of the most highly cited papers in the behavioral sciences reporting that the influence of life stress on depression depends on DNA variation in a serotonin transporter (Caspi et al. 2003).
Within the hybrid transect and inside the core hybrid zone, where individuals experience the same environment, plumage traits, but not morphological traits, were correlated with Q-scores (Table 1).
Historically, the emphasis was placed on whether structural consideration of trait development or environment of trait functioning are more influential at predicting and directing evolutionary change [ 1].
