Renewable energy provides a safe and feasible option for the provision of a clean and environment-friendly energy.
Biosynthesis of gold nanostructures has many advantages such as environment-friendly, energy efficiency, biocompability, and low cost [30, 31].
Environment-friendly energy supply is seemed to be one of the biggest concerns right now, which is closely associated with our lives [1].
In doing so, the energy used by various IoT applications is provided, and more environment-friendly energy consumption becomes possible [15 24].
A sustainable energy system may be regarded as a cost-efficient, reliable, and environment-friendly energy system that effectively utilizes local resources and networks.
Since piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanogenerators (NGs) were demonstrated for electric power conversion from mechanical energy in 2006 [4], they have been considered as a key technique for realizing the environment-friendly energy harvesting technology.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an optimal sustainable and environment-friendly energy system for the coastline communities in Nigeria, which has the potential of ameliorating the climate change in this country.
Fuel cells, which serve as a highly efficient, environment-friendly energy transformation system, have received intensive research and focus in transports, aerospace and communication equipment during these years [1, 2, 3].
