In short, whereas sufficient tolerance and levels of genetic variation are required for populations to cope with the ongoing deterioration of natural environments, fragmentation of habitats and the concomitant genetic erosion are expected to significantly impede adaptive responses.
The on-going growth of urban areas results in increased sealed surface cover, affecting the environment through fragmentation of the landscape, increased surface runoff and obstruction of water infiltration.
We observed two major mechanisms responsible for food disintegration in a simulated gastric environment, namely fragmentation and erosion.
19 The dominant mode(s) of disintegration of solid foods in simulated gastric environment are fragmentation and/or erosion.
We have simplified our analysis of environmental drivers by limiting the set of environmental factors to predation and spectral environment, yet fragmentation precipitates a range of ecological changes.
It is shown how, for collisional fragmentations in LEO, due to the highly stochastic evolution of the LEO environment, even the fragmentation of a massive spacecraft might not be able to alter the long term evolution of the LEO population beyond the intrinsic statistical variability associated with the Monte Carlo procedure.
Human changes to the environment, including the fragmentation of forests for agriculture and suburban sprawl, have created conditions more favorable for red-tailed hawks over the last century.
It doesn't have the stylised bleakness of McAdam's novel, but by touching on DNA and genetics, the environment and the fragmentation of urban communities along the way, it draws to a contented close that is all the more unsettling.
It is noteworthy that without the inclusion of all connecting bonds in the environment in the fragmentation model, the top-ranked environment is an example where the five-membered ring would not be closed.
This environment creates considerable fragmentation, and various layers of complexity.
