In different circumstances, the higher levels of governments pressure the lower levels of government in different ways, creating varying environments for policy implementation at the grassroots level.
Measuring and mitigating methane (CH4) emissions from livestock is of increasing importance for the environment and for policy making.
We include an example of knowledge exchange guidance on age-friendly built environments for policy-makers and planners.
An industry-led agreement on a safety-based label standard would greatly reduce food waste while creating a positive enabling environment for future policies.
With a potential increase in the land value due to effective REDD+ investments, expenditures in an enabling institutional environment for REDD+ policies are crucial to avoid higher deforestation pressure on natural forests.
However, the federal government's control over transfer payments to the provinces and the federal Canada Health Act, which places restrictions on provincial health systems in order to qualify for such transfers, creates a highly politicized environment for health policy-making.
The Eisenhower Presidency represented not only stability but, as the historian Richard Neustadt has pointed out, an unusual decade notable for an "environment of policy and politics marked by a high degree of continuity," from a Democratic Administration (Harry Truman's) to Eisenhower's Republican one.
Analysts of the national political environment for family planning policy in Kenya contend that commitment to the issue by policy elites tended to be ambivalent during the 1960s and 1970s, and that this was strongly influenced by contextual factors such as prevailing cultural and religious attitudes.
The benefits of real estate investment depend not only on the quality of investors but also investment environment, for example, economic policy, social needs and market capacity.
The case studies show the inter-linkages between changing productions and the environment and the implications for policy improvements.
