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HIV vector particles expressing GFP following integration were generated by cotransfecting HEK293T (ATCC, Manassas, VA) cells with a VSVG envelope protein expression vector, a packaging vector, and a plasmid expressing genomic HIV RNA including a CMV promoter that drives expression of GFP as described [38].
Compared with BK28, CP-MAC exhibited a number of changes in its envelope glycoproteins, including a highly stable association between the external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) molecules, a more rapid electrophoretic mobility of TM, and, of particular interest, a marked increase in the level of envelope protein expression on the surface of infected cells.
In the case of the mutant plasmids, the expression levels and doublet patterns of SARS spike glycoprotein (R667A or R797A) in cell lysates suggest that envelope protein expression and post-translational modifications have not been significantly affected by any of the substitutions (Figure 4C; upper panel, lanes 2 3).
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For lentivirus production, the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope protein G expression construct pMD.G1, the packaging vector pCMV ΔR8.91 and the transfer vector pHRCMVpuroSin8 were used as described previously [ 51].
In S. cerevisiae, meiotic chromosome movements are often rapid, in excess of 1 μm/sec and are dependent on the nuclear envelope protein, Csm4p, whose expression is also limited to meiosis (Conrad et al. 2008).
Temporal trends included: (1) peak gene expression at one of the sewage exposure timepoints with recovery to baseline levels after the depuration phase (e.g. vitelline envelope protein beta), (2) gene expression alterations that did not recover (e.g. glucose transporter 3), and (3) delayed gene expression alterations initiated only at the recovery timepoint (e.g. insulin-like growth factor 2).
As loss of suprabasal AP1 factor function results in loss of differentiation-associated keratin, envelope precursor and desmosomal protein expression, it is not surprising that the epidermis, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is visually, histologically and functionally impaired.
Surface expression of viral envelope protein was used to enrich reactivated latent T cells producing HIV RNA, and single-cell analysis was performed to identify intact virus.
It can bind to, and be activated by, the nuclear envelope protein emerin [ 16], which regulates expression and localization of muscle transcription factors during myogenesis [ 17].
To certify HERV-W activity, samples were analyzed for expression of the envelope protein syncytin-1.
To investigate whether there are post-burn changes in the expression of MuERV envelope protein, Western blot analyses were performed.
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