For example, a viral gene has been co-opted to serve an important function in the physiology of mammals: syncytin is the envelope gene of a human endogenous defective retrovirus and is important in human placental morphogenesis and probably in the immune tolerance of the developing embryo (Mi et al. 2000).
The personal thermal management techniques, which create a local thermal envelope around a human body instead of heating or cooling the entire building space, have the potential to greatly reduce the building energy consumption and to enhance thermal comfort of individuals.
Franco-Obregón et al. [10] reported on the application of AFM to measure distinct ion channel classes on the outer nuclear envelope of human Jurkat T cell, and to determine the density of pore proteins.
Shhh dating appeals to what Taffler calls "people who want to broaden the envelope of human experience".
Thus, lipidated LC3-II seems to get incorporated into EBV viruses during their maturation in the cytosol and these data strongly indicate that autophagic membranes contribute to the final envelope of this ubiquitous human tumor virus.
Mozart inhabits a middle world where beauty surges in and ebbs away, where everything is contingent and nothing pure, where, as Henry James's Madame Merle says, an envelope of circumstances encloses every human life.
The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be incorporated into HIV virus-like particles by the replacement of its native transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains with those of GP64 [ 39].
The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediates the fusion of viral and host cell membranes necessary for virion entry [1].
The sequential interaction of the envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with CD4 and certain chemokine coreceptors initiates host cell entry of the virus.
Earlier studies demonstrated that the transmembrane glycoprotein syncytin, which is derived from the envelope protein of the human retrovirus HERV-W, is critical for the syncytialization of CTB cells [28], [29].
