A household was defined as people who eat together, and for the purposes of enumeration of the sample, included all members who had slept there the previous night.
More specifically, we conclude that the resulting estimates are closer to those that would be obtained with a full enumeration of the sample with no missing item-level data.
Sampling and enumeration of the inoculated samples were done at protocol-defined time points through 28 days (Table 1) [ 11].
They were about 50 65% more efficient when the first-phase sampling involved complete enumeration of the N sampling units in the population but less, 25 35%, when the first-phase sample was much smaller (methods with first-phase sample size = f in Table 5).
For enumeration of Staphylococcus, the samples were incubated in mannitol salt agar (HiMedia, Mumbai, india) at 37 °C for 24 h.
Black tubes were not observed by MPN enumeration of all the samples, suggesting the absence of presumptive Listeria spp. Indeed, L. monocytogenes was never detected by qPCR nor conventional methods (data not shown).
Similarly to the analysis of contingency tables, a Markov chain Monte Carlo method can be used for performing exact tests, when large-sample approximations are poor and the enumeration of the conditional sample space is infeasible.
However, encapsidated phage DNA could still be detected by real time PCR, and these non-infectious viruses dominated the wine samples showing that direct enumeration of phages in wine samples using the double-layer agar technique only informs about the quantity of residual infectious phages.
Enumeration of triplicate TEM sample images verified that 100% of leachate-exposed cells remain intact.
For enumeration of Clostridium colonies, the samples were heated at 80 °C for 10 min, immediately followed by cooling on ice water.
