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RPSA encodes a ribosomal entry protein known to be up-regulated in lung adenocarcinomas but to an unknown end (Wu et al. 2013).
Mammalian cell entry protein (Mce4A) is a member of MCE-family, and is being considered as a potential drug target of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection because it is required for invasion and latent survival of pathogen by utilizing host's cholesterol.
Now researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have identified a TB protein called Mycobacterium Cell Entry Protein (MCEP), which pierces cells like a spear and allows TB to wedge through the membrane.
A number of lines of evidence indicate that hTIM-1 enhances infection of a variety of enveloped viruses by binding to virion-associated PS and does not require viral entry protein (Moller-Tank et al., 2013; Meertens et al., 2012; Jemielity et al., 2013), therefore hTIM-1 is generally described as an attachment factor.
The striking homology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operons (mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4) with other mycobacterial species and the proposed role of the mammalian cell entry protein 1A (Mce1A) of M. tuberculosis to facilitate invasion of host cells have led us to look into the finer details of these proteins in order to better understand their structure function relationship.
Databank entry: protein coordinates and structure factor amplitudes have been deposited in the protein data bank under the accession code 3IQD.
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Owing to the challenges of cell entry, protein-based therapies have so far been restricted to extracellular targets, whereas intracellular targets have been almost exclusively addressed by small molecules.
MCE (mammalian cell entry) proteins allow mycobacteria to invade host cells [36].
Curiously, the only substitutions observed in entry proteins (gp15 L15F and gp16 E1236G) are not in domains known to cause early entry in other studies (Struthers-Schlinke et al. 2000).
Phenotypic mapping experiments using radiation hybrids have successfully located human and murine viral entry proteins [ 29- 32] by exploiting the ability of RH clones to correctly express exogenous genes and synthesize and post-translationally modify the resulting proteins.
For example, the HPV16 oncoprotein E7 causes the release of E2F-1 from its repressor Rb 23, while the E2F-1 transcription factor promotes the transcription of important S phase entry proteins and ARF 24.
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