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P-gp limits the entry of substrate drugs into the brain; therefore, drug selection during the discovery process must involve rational design to engineer out interactions with P-gp for centrally acting drugs or, instead, to integrate P-gp interastions as beneficial factors for reduced CNS side effects.
The complex of compound- 7 with urease is stabilized mainly through chelation of phenyl ring which is symmetrically placed between positively charged Ni ions in the active site and hindered the entry of substrate.
Interestingly, the increased entry of substrate into the TCA cycle also increased expression of PGC1α, which may have coordinated the functional and mitochondrial changes observed with pyruvate, DCA, and glutamine.
In contrast to pHBH, where a third conformation of the flavin, the OPEN conformation, is thought to enable entry of substrate and departure of product, in RebC, we believe the "melting helix" is instead the route for substrate entry and product departure.
In brief, pHBH, initially existing with oxidized flavin in a dynamic equilibrium between the OPEN and IN positions (state 1), captures a molecule of p-hydroxybenzoate (pOHB) while in the OPEN conformation, an additional conformation of the flavin that enables entry of substrate and departure of product in pHBH (25).
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A pore in the protein complex beneath the active center may allow entry of substrates for polymerization and exit of the transcript during proofreading and passage through pause sites in the DNA.
A primary function of the 19S regulatory ATPases is to open the gate in the 20S that blocks the entry of substrates into the degradation chamber.
Calcium mobilizing messenger levels might therefore be regulated by controlled entry of substrates and/or their release from intracellular compartments.
This configuration allows the enzyme to adopt an "open" conformation, that permits the entry of substrates and exit of products, and a "closed" conformation, wherein substrates are completely entrapped within an unusually large internal chamber [23].
The 19S proteasome lid [ 52, 53] cleaves ubiquitin from substrates and facilitates the entry of substrates into the catalytic proteasome core for degradation [ 54- 56].
The smaller aperture of the "main door" of the Y332S hBChE variant could restrict the entry of substrates, especially larger ones, into the active site.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com