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Adjusted entry means for TSC across environments were estimated as described [ 56].
Additional file 1 Adjusted entry means for all assessed traits for eight inbred lines examined at three heat levels.
Furthermore, for each inbred, the relative response to photoperiod (RRP) was calculated as 1- FT2/FT1) [ 32], where FT1 and FT2 were the adjusted entry means for FT (Julian days) observed in the first and second experiment, respectively.
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For the QTL mapping adjusted entry means of the 3 experimental replications for each trait, Fe regime, and each of 85 IRILs were used.
To estimate adjusted entry means (AEM) for all genotypes, g i and r k were considered as fixed.
The adjusted entry means (AEM) for the traits SP3 to SP6, root length (RL), root weight (RW), SL, shoot dry weight (SDW), SDW/SL, and lateral root formation (LAT) was on average across all IRILs lower under Fe deficiency than under Fe sufficiency.
SNPs identified from either of the two inbred analyses explained relatively small proportions of the observed variance in entry means after accounting for the background polygenic effects (individual SNP R values ranged from 1.3%to3.0%0%, Table 3), and each SNP also had a small allelic effect (−0.13% to −0.27% back-transformed to the original percentage ear rot scale).
From the REML analysis, estimates of genetic variance (the variance among accessions) and the residual variance were obtained, and used to calculate the broad sense heritability h (or repeatability) of the measured traits for entry means as (Eq. 3): (3) h 2 = σ g 2 / σ g 2 + σ e 2 3 Where σ g 2 is the variance across all accessions and σ e 2 is the residual variance of the experiment.
The cut-off date for school entry means a child born on 30 August and one born on 1 September in the same year will enter reception a year apart.
For each trait examined in the current study, considerable variation was observed for the entry means or adjusted entry means M i (Table 2).
For calculation of adjusted entry means, g i was considered as fixed.
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