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Although precise mechanisms regulating HCV entry into hepatic cells are still unknown, several cell surface proteins have been identified as entry factors for this virus.
Although the early steps of viral entry have yet to be elucidated, several cell-surface expressed molecules have been proposed as entry factors for HCV (reviewed in [9]).
Very recently, it has been shown that CLDN-1, 6 and 9 membrane proteins localized at tight junctions, are additional entry factors for HCV [11], [12], [37], indicating that HCV entry might involve a complex multistep process.
CLDN1 and OCLN, two of the four known entry factors for HCV, are tight junction proteins expressed preferentially at the canalicular domain in adult liver.
Recent reports have also indicated that the trans-membrane, cholesterol-sensing receptors Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) are important entry factors for filovirus (Carette et al., 2011) and HCV (Sainz et al., 2012) respectively.
Similar(55)
Taken together, these results show that cultured HFLC, although immature in phenotype, express all of the entry factors required for HCVcc infection.
It aims to clear the principal criteria of measuring inventive efficiency, and demonstrates the necessity of a pertinent selection for entry factors to define indicators.
The exit factors in the herd dynamics prevailed over the entry factors, and this was not favourable for herd re-building and maintenance.
We were able to infect mouse cells expressing human CD81 and occludin (OCLN the minimal set of entry factor factors required for HCV uptake into mouse cells.
To estimate the frequency and risk factors for entry site and other peripheral iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes undergoing standard 20-G 3-port pars plana vitrectomy.
Key factors for entry of both viruses into cells are the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) envelope proteins.
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