Sentence examples for enteric stage from inspiring English sources
We confirm that the expression patterns observed for the merozoite samples matched data on protein expression for enteric stage parasites [ 20].
To provide insight into gene expression of the enteric stage, we harvested intestines of three cats (cat numbers: c48, c50, and c52) infected with the type II parasite, TgNmBr1 [ 25].
To test enteric stage expression of the MSF promoter, the transgenic Me49-Fudr-MSFp-DHFR-Ty parasite was i.p. injected into CD-1 mice to generate in vivo bradyzoite cysts.
In order to verify that the purified parasites were enteric stage merozoites, and not morphologically similar tachyzoites, we used as a control a gene list for which the expression status at the merozoite stage had been determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) [ 20].
The downregulated expression state upon entering the enteric stages for many members of these gene families is unexpected as many have been shown to play a role in host-parasite interactions in intermediate hosts, for example invasion [ 33] or host immune modulation/resistance [ 18], and suggests they are not needed during enteric development.
Here, we begin to unravel the molecular aspects of enteric stages by providing new data on merozoite stage gene expression.
There are several reports describing various aspects of the enteric stages of T. gondii within felid intestinal cells [ 19– 22].
Many genes had minimal expression throughout the enteric stages, but there were also a large number of genes with minimum of expression between the tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages.
Much like developmental regulation in the intermediate stages, cis elements and specific factors that bind them to control gene expression are active in the enteric stages.
To profile gene expression differences in enteric stages we harvested merozoites from the intestine of infected cats and hybridized mRNA to the Affymetrix Toxoplasma GeneChip.
Converse to the GRA, ROP, and MIC families, many members of the parasite surface antigen gene family (SRS) were upregulated (44.8%) upon differentiating into the first of the enteric stages as a merozoite.
