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Otherwise, the potential risk of contamination with enteric pathogenic organisms is high likely when the excreta are applied manually.
Bacteriophage f2, which is similar to human enteric pathogenic virus, was used as the model virus to study the virus removal efficiency in the water by NZVI in this study.
Some researchers have studied the prebiotic effect of MOS from plants and showed the potential use to improve human health, such as promoting the growth of intestinal beneficial microflora, decreasing enteric pathogenic bacteria, and reduction of dietary fat absorption (for example, Van Zyl et al. 2010; Jian et al. 2013; Chauhan et al. 2014).
Therefore, Edwardsiella species comprise a lineage that diverged from the ancestral trunk before the divergence of some other extensively researched enteric pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella and Escherichia.
In addition, E. tarda is the most deeply diverging lineage among some notorious enteric pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Klebsiella, but after the divergence of Vibrio cholera and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
H. cinaedi shares the production of cytolethal distending toxin with other enteric pathogenic species.
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Escherichia coli strains, which are important to humans, can be classified into 3 groups: commensal strains, intestinal pathogenic (enteric or diarrheagenic) strains, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains [ 1].
Subsequent Brachyspira genus-specific PCR testing of archived samples, and newly submitted pigs with mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea detected " B. hampsonii" (strain 30446, clade II) in the absence of other known enteric pathogens including known pathogenic Brachyspira species.
Enterotoxin is an important pathogenic factor in most enteric pathogens, and the ystB gene coded for a class of thermo-resistant enterotoxin in biotype 1A Y. enterocolitica[ 29, 30].
In their reliance on self-produced cellulose for attachment to plant surfaces, enteric pathogens are similar to the plant symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria but differ from the interactions of Salmonella with animal tissues, where cellulose production is dispensable [24].
The transformation of nonpathogenic form to pathogenic entity has been demonstrated for an enteric pathogen (Vibrio cholerae) that produces a phage-encoded enterotoxin (Faruque et al. 1998).
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