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Evaluation of the enteric anastomoses may be more difficult.
The development of cholangiocarcinoma can also occur after biliary enteric anastomoses.
Tocchi et al. reported a rate of 5.5%%, where 55 out of 1000 cases developed cholangiocarcinoma after biliary enteric anastomoses for benign pathologies [6].
Complete and reliable evaluation of the pancreatic parenchyma and the vascular and enteric anastomoses is best achieved with cross-sectional imaging.
The potential complications of pancreas transplant may be divided into three categories: those related to the vessels, those related to the graft parenchyma and those related to the enteric anastomoses.
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Benign biliary postoperative stenoses and biliary leaks and fistulas usually occur due to injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gastric or hepatic resection, bilio-enteric anastomoses and after liver transplantation.
Pancreatic duct stents are used for a variety of endoscopic pancreatic manipulations, and small surgical stents are used prophylactically to bridge pancreatic-enteric anastomoses.
In case of biliary-enteric anastomoses, it is useful to perform the dilation using a larger balloon, varying from 10 to 20 mm in diameter; high pressure balloons may also be used and be inflated up to 22 Atm.
By using CE-MRC, comprehensive information on the patency of biliary-enteric anastomoses can be obtained [ 29, 36, 37].
Patients with bilio-enteric anastomoses or biliary stents are particularly likely to develop secondary infection presumably due to reflux of intestinal organisms into the biliary tree and therefore these patients should receive 3 months of rotating oral antibiotics post-ablation.
The significant biliary excretion may aid in the assessment of the patency of biliary-enteric anastomoses[ 18 ] and can be of value in the detection of complications of biliary surgery.
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