Any illness entails negative effects on the living conditions of the patients and their families, and therefore on society.
Finally, self-protection may function at low-dose exposures to armed groups but, at higher doses or where the needs of armed actors are overwhelming and space for negotiation ceases to exist, they may be less effective or entail negative secondary effects [ 7].
Also, depending on the types of professional education options available, ALMP training may not be similarly valued as formal education by employers, and participation in them may entail negative stigmatization effects.
Of course, this reduction comes at the price of a low-rank approximation in (7b) that entails some negative effects and requires extra measures.
It may be that the kind of measures it entails could have negative effects in the short term, but it is actually expected to be more likely to increase the capacity for creating jobs.
Such a shock, indeed, entails negative transition effects that are caused by housing infrastructure inertia and are magnified in low-density cities. Distortions due to a transportation tax, however, have in absence of shock detrimental consequences that need to be accounted for.
Nevertheless, artificial selection of high producing animals does not necessarily entail the emergence of negative effects as shown for dairy cows [ 19] or rabbits [ 20, 21], and breeds and strains that can sustain production, fertility and health under different environments (i.e. 'generalist') can be obtained.
It is an aggregative theory because a judgment about right or obligatory action depends on an appraisal of the effects of different possible actions on the welfare of all affected parties, which entails summing positive benefits and negative effects over all persons affected.
What's more, it did so without any of the negative effects that deficit spending can entail: interest rates remain at remarkably low levels, and government borrowing didn't crowd out private investment.
The shared core is the attention to both "symptom treatment" eventually entailing a vicious cycle [ 5, 18, 66- 68] and negative effects of starvation on brain [ 130].
This has two negative effects.
