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In the face of increasing antibiotic pressure, increased resistance and virulence has been noted to occur and recent research is helping us to better understand the complex interplay between the invading microorganism and the ensuing host immune response.
The ensuing host polymorphism leads to clonal interference, differentially reducing the ability of clones to track rapidly changing environments and giving sex a comparative fitness advantage that allows it to compete with cloning on equal terms, or displace it.
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During the ensuing show, host Trevor Noah struck a similar tone as Colbert, expressing horror at Trump's threat of not accepting defeat.
When a pathogenic bacterium invades a host, activation of innate and adaptive immune systems of the host ensues, which results in disease symptoms.
In the ensuing decades, a host of other changes followed.
Importantly, the enhancement of antitumor activity occurred without an ensuing increase in host toxicity or signs of acquired drug resistance during the course of treatment.
During the ensuing evolution, the host cell and the endosymbiont became well integrated, with many endosymbiont genes being transferred to the nuclear genome.
The 'danger theory' of eukaryotic immunity proposes that in addition to the foreign substances that they introduce, threats can be sensed by virtue of cellular damage and ensuing mislocalization of host factors (Matzinger, 1994; Kono and Rock, 2008).
During the course of the ensuing graft-versus-host response (GVHR) leukaemia cells were eradicated from the spleens of the host animals.
It appears that caspase-3 activation during bacterial infection is a common by-product of bacterial invasion, perhaps precipitated by the ensuing stress on the host cell associated with intracellular replication.
A genetic Ping-Pong match between the two species can then ensue, as the host develops another mutation in any gene that allows it to detect the parasite, and the parasite responds to this defensive maneuver with a genetic alteration to avoid detection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com