Table 1 shows participants' characteristics at enrolment, at maximum height, and at final height by treatment group.
On enrolment, weights and heights of the women were measured.
Maternal macronutrient undernutrition was defined as low body mass index (BMI; <18.5 kg/m) or low MUAC (<22 cm) at enrolment, and short stature as maternal height <150 cm [ 23].
Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained study personnel at cohort enrolment, and included weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference.
Participants reported weight and height at enrolment, and their own birth weight (<2.5 kg, 2.5 3 kg, or >3 kg) using a questionnaire.
Women reported their weight at the age of 18 years and their current height at enrolment; these were used to calculate BMI at the age of 18 years in kg m−2.
*BMI estimated using weight and height measured at enrolment.
Subjects completed self-reported questionnaires prior to enrolment, and demographics (age, gender, height and weight, type of accident, medication, symptom development over the last two months, employment and educational status) were registered.
Maternal weight and height were measured on enrolment at around 8 weeks of gestation.
Data included age, gender, ethnicity, postcode, occupational group, method of payment, medical referral category, height and weight at enrolment.
Weight and height were measured at enrolment into the trial and at the two subsequent antenatal care checks, by trained maternal and child health (MCH) staff of local hospitals.
