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Although the marked differences in population characteristics present in the majority of the published epidemiological studies (eg, different ages at enrolment, different types of AF considered), the available data indicate a similar prevalence and incidence of AF throughout the developed world.
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The surveys contain information on enrolment in different health insurance types, out-of-pocket expenditures on inpatient and outpatient treatments, other expenses on health care, health care utilization, the number of health care visits during the 12 months before the interview for all the sampled individuals.
Additionally, some confounders, such as period of enrolment of different RCTs, cannot be adequately corrected, limiting the possibility of indirect comparisons for specific outcomes (e.g., radiographic progression) [ 70].
This large difference can be in part attributed to the different enrolment age.
Parasite density, gametocyte prevalence, haemoglobin concentrations, fever prevalence and the proportion of G6PD-deficient children at enrolment were not different between the treatment regimens (table 1).
The cervix samples were divided into two series based on historical enrolment into two different studies.
This observation may partly be explained by the different enrolment patterns employed during the Phase III trial (Rota-037) in these countries.
The time patients spent in ADHERE varied because of the rolling enrolment from CHARM, different timing of study site closure and movement of patients to commercial drug.
Only the combination of LAM-positivity and fever (body temperature ≥ 37.5°C) at the enrolment visit was different in this respect: this criterion improved test specificity from 87.8 to 98.8% and reduced the sensitivity by about 50% (from 50.7% to 23.9%).
We consider that different enrolment criteria and stratification by age group in our study may have led to the difference in the results from other studies on the effect of age in these patients.
The difference between studies could not be explained by a seasonal effect on the appearance of new DUs due to the different enrolment periods (October September vs October February in the first study).
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