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The laminin-332 enriched substrates were prepared as described elsewhere [30].
For example, P. horikoshii acquired the ability to live on amino acid enriched substrates and occupied a higher level consumer role; P. abyssi could survive on amino acid depleted substrates and presumably occupied a lower level consumer role.
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The basic principle of isotope labeling experiments (ILEs) consists of: i) cultivating cells on an isotopically enriched substrate [ 5], ii) collecting metabolites using adequate sampling methods [ 6– 8], and iii) quantifying their isotopic content by mass spectrometry (MS) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [ 9– 12].
Enriched substrate: Expensive, should not become anaerobic, easy maintenance, supports a wide variety of plants.
Thus, compared to previous methods, our method can easily enrich substrates for specific kinases and can be applied for screening other weak enzyme-substrate interactions.
Oxygen consumption was measured by high-resolution respirometry (Oxygraph-2Km Oroboros) under two occasions: 1. homogenate enriched with substrates was sequentially treated with an ATPase inhibitor (oligomycine), an uncoupler (FCCP) and KCN.
This phenomenon is common on soils which have developed on naturally enriched rock substrates.
In this method, enzyme activities are assayed by harvesting a metagenomic library on agar plates enriched with substrates.
A structural module in a network was considered to be also a functional module if it was enriched for substrates that had a shared metabolic function such as: central metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids etc. (according to the KEGG pathway classification [ 44, 45]).
The results presented in Table 1 indicated that the Da U Db pattern was enriched on ERK1/2 substrates relative to all phosphorylated substrates (p<0.03).
A high quality xylose-enriched substrate was obtained after selective one-step dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, yielding 18.1 g of xylose per 100 g of dry biomass.
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