Clinicians were trained to have a low threshold for asking about domestic violence as a 'clinical enquiry', not screening.
Evidence from a national confidential enquiry into screening for beta thalassaemia indicates, for example, that medical practitioners think there is no point in offering prenatal diagnosis to Muslim patients because Islam unconditionally forbids termination of pregnancy.
The survey included demographic enquiry and screened for headache, depression and anxiety, with diagnostic questions for migraine, TTH and MOH.
The medical enquiry began with a screening question: "Have you had headache last year not related to flu, hangover, cold or head injury?" as recommended by earlier studies [4].
It included demographic enquiry and a headache screening question ("Have you had headache during the last year?") for all participants, followed by diagnostic questions based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition (ICHD-II) [16] and enquiries into burden for those reporting headache.
For all participants there were (i) personal and demographic enquiry and (ii) a headache screening question ("Have you had a headache in the last year?").
This is time saving, and avoids irrelevant enquiry (see page 16), but there is a potential penalty: a negative answer to the screening question terminates further enquiry even though it can be false.
For all participants there were (i) personal and demographic enquiry and (ii) a neutral headache screening question ("Have you had a headache during the last 12 months?").
The two-stage procedure for case ascertainment (only participants responding affirmatively to a screening question are posed the diagnostic questions) is time saving, but with a potential penalty: a negative answer to the screening question terminates further enquiry, even though it can be false.
