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Due to limited resources, there was no way of approaching informants for a second time to enquire about items which had arisen after their interviews.
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This instrument is designed to enquire about 25 items on psychological attributes divided into 5 sub-scales of 5 items to measure conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention, emotional symptoms, peer problems, and pro-social behavior of children between 4 17 years [ 30, 31].
In constructing the questionnaire Goodman [ 17] added ten items reflecting traits of strength (half of them reverse-scored to reflect difficulties) to make it more acceptable to parents by enquiring about strengths as well as weaknesses.
For the current study, we adapted the items of the Other's Emotion subscale (5 items) such that these items enquire about parents' emotion, not about friends' emotions.
The relevant items enquire about the frequency of respondent's contact with family members who do not live with the respondent and frequency of contact with friends.
It consists of 8 items which enquire about the frequency of doing particular physical activities in a variety of contexts.
Before a cost item was recorded as unknown, caretakers were asked to enquire about expenditure on that specific item from household heads.
The questions used in the survey are partially derived from those used in other studies[ 16], although we added new items designed to enquire about exposure during leisure time [ 24].
Depressive symptoms in late childhood and adolescence were assessed using the short (13-item) Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) to enquire about the occurrence of depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks.
We changed the items belonging to the Other's Emotions subscale to enquire about children, not friends.
Five items adapted from the brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to enquire about family dysfunction [ 29, 30].
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