To further improve signal amplification, GS/PANI/AuNPs with excellent conductivity and enlarged effective area were introduced into this DNA circuit.
The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the porous 1D hollow nanostructure that can enlarge effective electrode/electrolyte contact areas, shorten electron/ion transport distance and accommodate volume change.
The SC-PCF has a solid core with triangular lattice cladding structure, and one third of the cladding is removed intentionally to enable fast liquid infiltration and enlarge effective interaction area between liquid samples and the fiber core guided lightwave.
Brillouin reduction by enlarging the effective Brillouin area [18, 24].
Thus, four different approaches are examined: (1) increasing the catalyst/support binding energy, (2) inducing additional anchoring and active sites, (3) enlarging the effective catalyst surface areas, and (4) enhancing the intrinsic catalytic activity through modification of the electronic structure.
In order to investigate grain boundary migration by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations a new approach involving a crystal orientation-dependent driving force has been developed by imposing an appropriate driving force on grain boundary atoms and enlarging the effective range of driving force.
The formation of type II heterostructures has been recognized as an attractive route to overcome the limitations of ZnO because it promotes efficient charge separation, enlarges the effective contact interfaces and improves the optical absorption [22, 23].
The precocious mature parr contribute to enlarge the effective population size, which may explain the higher effective size at the sample time N0 in the French populations (Oir and Scorff) compared to their census size N (Table 4).
To enlarge the effective irradiated area, two large mirror-like stainless steel plates was mounted on both of the long sides of the solar simulator.
Addition of carbon black (Ketjenblack, KB) into the bilayer enlarged the effective surface area of the electrode and consequentially increased the catalytic activity.
