As mentioned above, overexpression of GNS4 in the Nipponbare background led to an obviously enlarged grain size.
These glass-ceramics mainly consisted of cordierite crystals with a residual glassy phase, and crystallinity increased with crystallization time, but light transmittance decreased with crystallization time due to enlarged grain sizes.
Moreover, a high deposition rate tends to induce a fine grain structure because of the limited surface migration of adatoms as mentioned before, and Bi atomic diffusion during thermal annealing is expected to be favored for nanowire growth through enlarged grain boundaries.
Moreover, improvements in morphologies, such as enlarged grains and reduced pore sizes, need to be achieved for higher solar cell efficiency.
The unmelted part of individual nSD-HA particles showed significantly enlarged grains along radial direction (< 550 nm in length and < 400 nm in diameter).
In this study, micro holes were drilled in titanium alloy with equiaxed crystals, copper, nickel, nickel-copper alloy and stainless steel with enlarged grains.
Moreover, adding a small amount of lead thiocyanate (Pb SCN 2) additive into mixed perovskite precursor solutions significantly enlarges the grain size and prolongs the carrier lifetime, leading to improved device performance.
MiR397 is highly expressed in rice young panicles and grains, and over-expressed miR397 enlarged the grain size, promoted panicle branching, and significantly increased rice grain yield via down-regulating its target OsLAC[ 17].
Consequently, the enlarged perovskite grains with the reduced interfacial area contributed together to the internal resistances, changing direction into the efficiency improvement.
