Section enlargement, bonded steel plating, external post-tensioning and FRP composites wrapping are some of the techniques being widely followed to retrofit various structural elements.
Figure3d is the enlargement of one section of the center cluster, in which we see individual gold nanoparticles in the cluster are merging with time, confirming that the particle agglomeration behavior is happening in the liquid environment.
To mitigate such risks, this paper proposes a series of engineering countermeasures such as enlargement of tunnel sections to maintain clearance, use of segmented tunnels, enhancement of tunnel lining, and use of multiple waterproofing measures.
Since obesity is often associated with adipocyte enlargement [14], [15], sections from epididymal adipose tissue of AC3−/− and AC3+/+ mice were compared (Figure 3).
Concrete crushed at the top end of all column specimens as a result of stress concentration in the end region (as the columns were cast with no enlargement of the cross section or additional FRP confinement near the ends) as can be seen in Figs. 6, 7, and 8.
The underexpanded jet of a gas from a duct having a sudden enlargement of internal cross-section has been studied experimentally.
In particular, enlargements of the flow cross section give rise to parasitic pressure losses both in the enlargement fitting and in the piping system that is downstream of the enlargement.
Figure2c,d shows an enlargement along two selected perpendicular section lines with the corresponding HRTEM images shown in the insets.
The structural efficiency is related to two main effects: – the enlargement of the transverse cross section; – the confinement action provided by the external jacket to the inner core.
Technically the EU money - from the European Commission's "enlargement and European neighbourhood policy" section - is not to deter migration but to "improve capacity" and boost human rights.
