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MRI visualises perineal and penile abscesses as fluid- or pus-filled cavities with enhancing periphery, in communication with the urethra (Fig. 15), and may clearly reveal involvement of the corpora cavernosa and fibrous tunicae.
A region of interest (ROI) is drawn around the lesion or its components (e.g., necrotic core, enhancing periphery) on multiple scans, and the average ADC value of that volume is computed.
CEUS shows cysts to be non-enhancing structures that are well defined and lack the enhancing periphery seen with necrotic tumours and abscesses (Fig. 10) enabling confident diagnosis.
CT and MRI features of pyocele include complex, heterogeneous fluid collections, surrounded by an enhancing periphery (Fig. 18) or by hyperaemic inflamed surrounding parenchyma [22, 23, 24].
In two patients investigated at our hospital, MDCT revealed single or multiple (one case each) hepatic abscesses with an enhancing periphery and hypoattenuating centre, variably surrounded by oedematous and/or hyperenhancing liver parenchyma (Fig. 8) [22] 22].
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Several studies with SPIO nanoparticles in patients with brain tumor show a sharply marginated enhancing rim at the periphery of brain tumor that persisted for several days.
At histopathologic examination, the enhancing rim at the periphery of the mass corresponds to fibrous tissue surrounding epithelioid (or tuberculous) granulomas, and the area of the central portion without contrast enhancement corresponds to caseous necrosis or scarring 20, 31, 32.
In non-cirrhotic livers, the positive staining was homogenous, whereas in cirrhotic nodules, the staining pattern was enhanced at the periphery of the nodules.
We found that CTL responses were significantly enhanced in the periphery (ndLN and spleen), and more so in the local dLN following surgery with IMQ and anti-CD40.
Taken together, our findings suggest that enhancing Aβ clearance in the periphery has both preventive and treatment potential for AD.
e Intraprocedural CEUS performed few minutes after electrode withdrawal demonstrates residual enhancing viable tumour (arrows) at the periphery of the volume of necrosis (arrowheads).
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