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ACT1 redirects uncoupled Cx43 hemichannels into gap junctions, thereby reducing gap junction turnover and enhancing gap junction aggregation, without effecting Cx43 protein levels [ 33, 34].
The effect of enhancing gap junction function by 100 1000 nM rotigaptide (ZP123) and block by 30 μM carbenoxolone on these parameters was measured.
Our data are compatible to the previous studies, indicating that 100 nM rotigaptide should be the best effective dose for enhancing gap junction conductance and preserving/ improving atrial conduction time.
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Carotenoids have been shown to suppress the in vitro cancer cell propagation by inducing differentiation and apoptosis, thus enhancing gap-junctional communication and inhibiting the cell cycle [ 49- 52].
Hahn, J. Y. et al. Pre-treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with a combination of growth factors enhances gap junction formation, cytoprotective effect on cardiomyocytes, and therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction.
CaMKII has also been shown to mediate enhanced gap junctional coupling, mostly through Cx43, in response to high extracellular K+ in mouse spinal cord astrocytes [ 127].
Co-culturing also appears to enhance gap junctional intercellular communication as indicated by increased dye-coupled communication (Rojkind et al., 1995).
Here, we first evaluated BT474 cells for ACT1 treatment-mediated effects on gap junction function by gap-FRAP and found that ACT1 treatment enhanced gap junction activity (Additional file 1: Figure S4A).
These findings indicate that MAK enhance gap junctional communication in liver of CH3-HeJ mice and may support previous in vitro findings which demonstrate that oxygen radical scavengers induce liver-specific cx expression in cultured hepatocytes [ 59].
This indicates that administration of dexamethasone enhanced GAP-43 expression levels.
Whether humans with rheumatoid arthritis show enhanced GAP-43 expression has not been explored, to our knowledge.
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