When aberrantly activated, Hh signalling mediates carcinogenesis and induces aggressive cancer phenotypes, enhancing recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance.
Thus, we conclude that chemotherapy-mediated changes in the abundance of stromal proteins related to the CAF-like catabolic phenotype measured by quantitative proteomics associate with reduced survival, enhanced recurrence and metastasis incidence in several solid malignancies.
As for specific immunotherapy, the authors report enhanced recurrence-free survival, but data on overall survival are lacking due to the short follow-up period.
They concluded that the dysregulation of HIF-1 α in apparently nonmalignant liver tissue provides a modulated environment that potentially enhances HCC recurrence after curative resection [ 87].
A newer enzyme immunoassay, namely high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), is capable of measuring serum CRP below 0.6 mg/dL and may further enhance the predictability of AF recurrence.
One of the most commonly cited fears was that pregnancy may enhance cancer recurrence (Dow, 1994; Siegel et al., 1997; Braun et al., 2005; Connell et al., 2006; Gorman et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2011; Ruddy et al., 2011).
Also, since the inflammatory microenvironment allows cancer cells to survive, proliferate and make the cell genome unstable, it is possible that the inflammatory microenvironment could also enhance the recurrence of tumors after primary resection.
b Contrast enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted image shows nodular meningeal enhancements in the left Sylvian fissure (arrowheads), suggestive of recurrence.
In general, enhancing soft-tissue lesions after focal treatments should be considered suggestive of recurrence.
Enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed every 6 months for surveillance of recurrence.
