The efficacy of LTBI is believed to stem from three mechanisms, namely; immune-enhancement, induction of apoptosis, and the intrinsic hypersensitivity to low-radiation doses demonstrated in many cell lines and tumour systems.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase or ALOX12,15 resulted in up-regulation of EPA-dependent enhancement of Treg induction (Fig. 3D).
(G) Proposed model for cellular events involved in the enhancement of Treg induction by EPA and 5-HEPE.
Iriyama, N. et al. Enhancement of differentiation induction and upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins and PU.1 in NB4 cells treated with combination of ATRA and valproic acid.
Mohanty, S., Sharma, M., Panicker, M. & Gupta, P. Controlled induction, enhancement, and guidance of neuronal growth cones by use of line optical tweezers.
Inhibition of ALOX5, which is involved in the metabolism of EPA into 5-HEPE, reduced the EPA-dependent enhancement of Treg induction (Fig. 3D).
We hypothesized that the enhancement of Treg induction is dependent on one specific EPA metabolite because the effect of EPA is considered to be dependent on total functional effects of EPA itself and each EPA metabolite.
Considering that supplementation with ω3 fatty acid inhibit polarization of inflammatory Th17 T cells35 and M1 macrophages20, we hypothesized that EPA could improve adipose tissue inflammation via enhancement of Treg induction by M2-polarized macrophages.
Dominant mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement during the induction stage have been demonstrated by the quantification and analysis of Nusselt number ratios.
