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In recent years, several methods have been developed to enhance somatic mutation calling accuracy [ 7- 11].
In mouse models, lack of functional DNA MMR causes increased spontaneous mutation frequency rates in all parts of the colon [46] and enhances somatic mutation of Apc and p53; genes mutated in the majority of colorectal cancers [47].
COSMIC has been enhanced to accommodate somatic mutations from whole genome and exome screens.
Although sexual crossing has been a major driver of grapevine evolution, its vegetative propagation enhanced the impact of somatic mutations and has been important for grapevine diversity.
This practice enhances the impacts of somatic mutations and possibly increases the chance of TEs to transpose and multiplicate.
Mitochondrial DNA replicates frequently and independently of the nuclear genome [ 12], and over many years the potential for enhanced DNA damage from locally generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may further enhance the accumulation of somatic mutations in the mitochondrial genome.
The database coverage has recently been enhanced by the integration of somatic mutations from external data resources.
In contrast, native-like Env trimers fail to activate B cells expressing germline antibodies but elicit bNAbs by selecting for a restricted group of light chains bearing specific somatic mutations that enhance neutralizing activity.
In this context, Wang proposed that in order to enhance the detection rate of somatic mutations or epigenetic modifications in circulating blood DNA, a method selectively extracting small DNA fragments should be used.
Significantly mutated genes (SMGs) were defined as the somatic mutations with higher mutated frequency than background mutation rate.
Structural and functional analyses reveal that somatic mutations in FWR residues enhance breadth and potency by providing increased flexibility and/or direct antigen contact.
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