In general, the RXE-TFs enhanced gene expression to within 2- to 5-fold that of constitutively expressed TFs (Supporting Information Figure S3).
For instance, calcium oscillations can evoke enhanced gene expression compared to fixed level in lymphocytes [87].
Furthermore, IL-6 treatment enhanced gene expression of Plau, Mmp2, and Mmp9 in WT-derived macrophages.
Therefore, enhanced gene expression may result in the observed increase in plasma concentrations of the functional IL-6 protein.
Incorporation of these CRMs into adeno-associated viral (AAV) and non-viral vectors enhanced gene expression in mice liver 10too 100-fold, depending on the promoter used.
In particular, we showed that 3D culture enhanced gene expression of the early cardiac transcription factors Nkx2.5, Gata-4 and Mef-2c as well as the sarcomeric protein TroponinT.
However, addition of the latter peptide to Si-HA/FGF-2 significantly enhanced gene expression of Runx2, osteocalcin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the VEGF receptors 1 and 2, without significantly affecting that of FGF receptors in these cells.
Intravenous administration of AzMMMan-pHPMA modified polyplexes in an in vivo tumor mouse model mediated enhanced gene expression in the subcutaneous tumor and reduced undesirable expression in the liver.
As shown in Fig. 7, the 9 HF patients also had significantly enhanced gene expression of biglycan, lumican and fibromodulin.
Assessments of CXCR5 mRNA levels in myocardial tissue from 9 HF patients (all with advanced HF, NYHA class IV) and 5 controls (non-failing hearts) showed that HF patients had markedly enhanced gene expression of CXCR5 (84% increase, p<0.005).
Consistently in HaCaT cells, chitin increased TLR4 mRNA expression dose-dependently, but also enhanced gene expression of TLR2 and, to a lesser extent, the non-TLR PRR NOD2 (Figure 2B).
