Non-enhanced FLAIR acquisition may reveal a hypersignal inside the cochlea, vestibule or both (Fig. 10) [7].
Its applicability to MRI data, comprising four channels: non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced T1w, T2w and FLAIR contrasts, is demonstrated on a challenging clinical data set containing brain tumors (N = 53), where our approach significantly outperforms six commonly used tools with a mean Dice score of 95.19.
TTP was evaluated from the same initial surgery date used for TTS, to date of progression on MRI (approximately 25% increase in tumor volume), provided progression was verified either histologically or in serial MRI scans (including routine FLAIR, gadolinium-enhanced, and perfusion-weighted MRIs).
Both FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences were considered for the response assessment to treatment according to RANO criteria [ 17].
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), axial T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired and processed in order to obtain a quantification of ADC in high and low malignant tissue.
All MRI scans were performed before and after surgery in all patients with a 3 Tesla MR scanner with an 8-channel phased array head coil (Achieva 3 T, Philips Medical Systems, The Netherlands B.V .. Our standard included contrast-enhanced 3D gradient echo sequence, FLAIR, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
In this way preoperative tumour volumes were determined for T2-, FLAIR- and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.
A typical imaging protocol is performed with a head coil and includes axial thin-section 3D T2-weighted images, T1-weighted images without and with contrast enhancement and coronal T1-weighted enhanced scan of the temporal bone as well as a whole-brain screen [fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) or T2-weighted].
A gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan of the brain with FLAIR sequence was requested and did not reveal any focal pathology.
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1.5-T coronal FLAIR (a), axial FLAIR (b) and contrast-enhanced T1W images (c) show T2-FLAIR-hyperintense swelling of the left hippocampus and discrete patchy enhancement in the left amygdala.
