In patients with hyperdynamic septic shock, enoximone was associated with enhanced energy expenditure and oxygen consumption but significantly reduced the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis, while plasma lactate and glucose concentrations and the lactate turnover rate did not change [ 8].
This metabolic event of WAT results in enhanced energy expenditure, and therefore, has increasingly gained attentions for its potential application in therapeutic prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (Giordano et al., 2016; Harms and Seale, 2013; Kajimura et al., 2015; Peirce et al., 2014; Rosen and Spiegelman, 2014).
The hypoleptinemia can explain the hyperphagia, but not the enhanced energy expenditure in KRAP−/− mice [11] [13].
In addition, enhanced energy expenditure could contribute in part to the lower body weight of CXCL14−/−Ay mice.
The high-KAA diet increased muscular UCP-3 expression under HFD conditions, which could lead to enhanced energy expenditure associated with increased fatty fuel oxidation.
These data suggest that the reduction in blood glucose and lipids may be a result of enhanced energy expenditure in the rats.
Collectively, these data indicate that atrophy of the mammary fat pad in aging female VDR KO mice reflects a reduction in whole body fat stores secondary to enhanced energy expenditure.
Furthermore, adaptive thermogenic response of the KRAP−/− mice to cold environment is not defective (data not shown), suggesting that thermogenesis may not account for the enhanced energy expenditure in KRAP−/− mice, although the possibility of enhanced heat radiation from the body surface of KRAP−/− mice has not been excluded.
In the mice, lipid accumulation is prevented by the enhanced energy expenditure.
It is suggested that the ingested toxins probably interfere with digestive processes or cause enhanced energy expenditure due to detoxification.
SIRT1 deacetylates PGC1-α and FOXO1, transcription factors responsible for oxidative metabolism, leading to mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced energy expenditure.
