Beside this, procedures for enhancing the copy number of transgene integrations by gene amplification have been employed (see e.g. [ 8, 9]).
Duplications or further amplifications of chromosomes or chromosome fragments may have an immediate effect on CCL fitness by enhancing the copy number of oncogenes.
Then, the duplication of EXT regions responsible for the amplification of interAE, interB and interD multigene family would also have enhanced interC gene copy number at chromosome extremities.
We optimized strain titer and specificity by titrating gene copy number, enhancing cosubstrate supply, applying a spatial engineering strategy and performing high-density fermentation, which resulted in total opioid titers up to 131 mg/l.
Upon overexpression of Sir2, Sir3 or Sir4, only increasing Sir3 copy number enhances the telomeric position effect, which suggests that Sir3 is a limiting component of the holo-SIR complex [ 19].
By contrast, our previous analysis conducted in the same cohort of patients demonstrated that HER2 gene increased copy number enhances gefitinib sensitivity in EGFR+ patients (Cappuzzo et al, 2005b), with a significant difference in outcome for patients EGFR+/HER2+ and EGFR+/HER2−.
In addition to generally greater resolution, an advantage of genotyping arrays over CGH arrays is the ability to detect signals from individual alleles, allowing estimation of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) and allelic ratios to enhance the interpretation of copy number alterations.
Meanwhile, the presence of a multiple genomic copy number can enhance the expression levels of some candidate genes for metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance in hyperaccumulators [ 20- 22].
Southern and Northern blot analyses indicated that codelivery of P19 only marginally increased the replicon copy number but greatly enhanced the accumulation of HBcAg-specific mRNA [ 21].
