Sentence examples for enhanced bone resorption from inspiring English sources
Our results indicate that partial loss of Smad7 function in mice leads to compromised bone formation and enhanced bone resorption.
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs), the first-choice drugs for diseases that cause enhanced bone resorption, may injure jawbones and gastrointestinal tissues.
TGF-β, a potent inhibitor of terminal osteoblast (OB) differentiation, is abundantly deposited in the bone matrix, and released and activated by the enhanced bone resorption in MM.
Because OB differentiation from stromal cells is impaired in MM bone lesions, and because TGF-β is activated through enhanced bone resorption, we first examined the effect of TGF-β and its inhibition on OB differentiation.
Immobilization, long-term bed rest, or microgravity in space causes a marked loss of bone mass and strength, due to reduced bone formation as well as enhanced bone resorption [1] [4].
In the co-culture of calvarial primary osteoblasts and bone marrow macrophages (BMMφ), osteoclastogenesis was enhanced when osteoblasts, but not BMMφ, were derived from Gsk-3β+/– mice (Fig. 1G), implicating that the enhanced bone resorption was due to the secondary effect of osteoblast dysfunction, but not the intrinsic defects of osteoclastic cells.
On bone, PTH enhances bone resorption by stimulating the activation of osteoclasts indirectly through osteoblasts since osteoclasts do not possess PTH receptors while osteoblast precursors possess them.
Moreover, PRL has also been reported to enhance bone resorption in part by increasing receptor activator of NF-ligand (RANKL) and decreasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) expressions by osteoblasts [5].
Even though osteoclasts do not possess PRL receptors as osteoblasts as reported in [4], PRL has been reported to enhance bone resorption by increasing RANKL and decreasing OPG expressions by osteoblasts [5].
Conversely, VEGF-C is expressed in osteoclasts, where it enhances bone resorption in an autocrine manner via VEGF-R3 [38].
The comparatively short estrogen exposition time is thought to enhance bone resorption [ 31].
