Primary preceptors and students in the enhanced arm were provided with a few additional interventions beyond those offered to the control arm.
From the student group, 13 (100%) surveys were returned from the enhanced arm, nine (64.3%) from the national chain control arm and 14 (100%) from the control arm representing an assortment of pharmacies.
From the preceptor group, 13 (100%) surveys were returned from the enhanced arm and 11 (78.6%) from the control arm representing the national partnering chain and 14 (100%) from the control arm representing an assortment of pharmacies.
Additionally, the overall index of learning in all 13 pharmaceutical care competency domains was significantly better for students in the enhanced arm (4.13 vs. 3.81; t = 2.15, p < 0.038) than the control arm – an improvement of 6.25%.
In summary, the proof-of-concept examination showed that the enhanced arm generated higher overall results than did the control arms, with specifically higher scores in student views about patient consultations, skills improvement and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care practice.
Student participation in the enhanced arm was voluntary because its structure was new to the curriculum, would require additional student commitment beyond the traditional rotation, and its impact had not yet been assessed.
At the end of the APPE, there were 13 students who completed the enhanced APPE (treatment arm) and 28 students in the two control APPEs (14 in each arm), one student from the enhanced arm dropped out prior to the start of the APPE.
This paper studies the application of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data for security-enhanced arming of special protection systems.
The Wennberg and Marr study did a comparison between different levels of outreach consisting of three attempted telephone coaching interactions in one arm versus an enhanced care arm consisting of five attempted interactions that is, there was no group that did not receive decision support.
Tactile stimulation of 10 back-strokes combined with novelty exposure, enhanced novel arm discrimination in a Y-maze task in adult rats of both sexes compared to their siblings that stayed at home, as well as to the animal facility reared controls.
About 10% of admissions to wards in the enhanced HH arm were screened throughout the study.
