The particular features of the human-engineered environment are thought to further enhance pathogen specialization to the domesticated hosts (Stukenbrock and McDonald 2008).
This question provides an example in which an ecological principle (i.e. host specificity increases effectiveness) has been adopted based on a potential theoretical explanation (co-evolution and specialization enhance effectiveness) but, to my knowledge, this has rarely been confirmed by experimental evidence.
Theaters can be enhanced with specializations like 3-D capabilities, D-Box motion seats, or IMAX (large-format, high resolution screenings).
Trait-lethal mutations that disrupt trait function enhance the drive towards specialization in synergy with trade-offs.
Moreover, the dart specializations that enhance gland product transfer are potentially more successful at manipulating fertilization.
These results suggest that, to some extent, the specialization enhanced the provision of advanced obstetrical services.
Although greater specialization "would appear to enhance worker productivity, it has had a deleterious effect on the musculoskeletal system which has to support the work," she said.
Before the players, blame the celebrity coaches who ushered out the free-flowing art of the Bird and Magic era and created the stationary, unsightly era of specialization so they might enhance their profiles by orchestrating every movement from in front of the bench.
Our simulations were kept simple in that there was little opportunity for evolving specializations that would either enhance defenses against predators, and/or increase the ability of predators to improve their detection and capture of prey.
On one hand, co-evolution and specialization of natural enemies should enhance their effectiveness in exploiting hosts/prey and reducing pest populations through density-dependent processes (Hassell 1978; May and Hassell 1988).
