These factors enhance roughness-induced crack closure.
The results indicate that a grain-boundary-film structure composed of martensite/austenite could significantly influence the crack propagating behavior in the UFAF steel, consequently lowering the FCGR by enhancing roughness-induced crack closure during cyclic loading.
The ε-martensitic transformation in the alloy has three positive effects on crack growth: I) the suppression of strain localization; II) zigzag crack propagation, which enhances roughness-induced crack closure; and III) subcrack formation, which induces crack toughening, such as stress redistribution.
While the overexpression of this gene induced only minor enhancement in PKT area, it did greatly enhance track roughness, suggesting that it enhances non-directional membrane protrusion (Naffar Abu-Amara, unpublished data).
In our experimental study on capillary flow, PMMA micropillars were used to enhance surface roughness of the system.
The continued dissolution enhances roughness amplitude resulting in pit formation.
Results indicated enhancing surface roughness of old concrete, increasing substrate strength could improve the bond strength; but too high roughness could weaken the surface zone and the suitable roughness had a limit value.
It is well known that bacterial adhesion was sensitive to surface roughness and enhanced as the roughness of composite in catheters surfaces (Cheng et al. 2013).
In cases of samples B and C, both of the low surface energy and the high roughness enhance the hydrophobicity of surface.
It can be attributed to the role of NiO nanoparticles to enhance the surface roughness and opening the ends of MWNTs rather than P-MWNT.
A superhydrophilic surface was prepared on stainless steel spheres by spray coating of silica nanoparticles to enhance the surface roughness at the nanoscale.
