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Strategies discussed include engineering of antibodies to enhance complement fixation, antibodies that neutralize complement inhibitory proteins as well as engineered constructs that specifically target inhibition of the complement system.
Some studies have also shown that DBP can enhance complement component 5a-mediated machemotaxishemotaxis via binding to C5a.
Sera from patients with positive aPL enhance complement fixation on platelets, which is associated with arterial thrombosis [ 16].
Of note, Hsieh and colleagues did not observe sustained autoantibody production in mice immunized with Freund's adjuvant, but did in mice immunized with C3b [ 1]; and HCMV-induced autoimmunity has been described when co-infections by other pathogens were present that may enhance complement activation and the immune response [ 11].
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Several approved antibodies have demonstrated potent in vitro CDC activity such as the anti-CD20 mAbs rituximab and ofatumumab (Teeling et al., 2006), and there are numerous ways that investigators have utilized Fc engineering to enhance complement-based effector function (Table 1).
The results showed improved C3b opsonization upon MCP and DAF suppression, where down-regulation of MCP and DAF did enhance complement-mediated cytotoxicity significantly.
While studies to establish the safety of these agents are needed, enhancing complement activation on microbes may represent a promising strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant organisms.
Furthermore, the bound antibodies activate the classical pathway, thereby initiating and enhancing complement attack [55].
The results showed that blocking DAF function by anti-DAF polyclonal antibody enhanced complement-mediated killing of Raji cells.
In addition, scFv-C9, but not scFv-C7, increases MAC deposition on the cells and enhances complement-mediated cell death of target CD25-positive cells.
Furthermore, it was shown that 85 complex proteins interact with gelatine-binding sites of human fibronectin, enhancing complement-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages [ 18- 20].
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