To find a more reliable test platform, for the first time, synthetic and biological (tissue engineered) substitutes were compared to ex vivo skin, epidermis and dermis.
In this research, three types of artificial or engineered stones were compared against two types of natural stones (a limestone and a granite) in what concerns to temperature, thermal ageing and thermal shock effects on flexural strength and Young's modulus.
Next, the size and activity of activated engineered caspases were compared with endogenous active caspase-3 using PAGE analysis.
In order to explore the role of this quaternary structure, dimeric variants of Escherichia coli DHDPS were engineered and their properties were compared to those of the wild-type tetrameric form.
To further assess the stability of the engineered viruses, all sequenced genomes were compared and contrasted.
Two bacterial strains, the natural isolate Arthrobacter sp. FG1 and the engineered strain Pseudomonas putida PaW340/pDH5, were compared for their efficiency in the degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid in a slurry phase system.
First, mice that had been genetically engineered to lack PDZ-RhoGEF were compared to typical mice.
Cell suspensions were also cryopreserved using both approaches and results were compared to the engineered cultures.
In a murine model, when attenuated S19 and virulent 2308 strains were compared to genetically engineered strains, including: (1) a knock-out mutant of 2308 (ΔeryCD), (2) a naturally reverted S19 strain (ery resistant), and (3) strainrain transformed with the wild type ery operon, there was no direct correlation between erythritol metabolism and in vivo colonization [18].
In this study, benthic communities on six breakwaters ranging from 1 to 31 years of age were compared to provide an understanding of patterns of community development on engineered coastal defenses, and these were compared to communities on natural reefs to gain an understanding of how communities develop on artificial structures relative to those in natural habitats.
