Of particular importance in cartilage tissue engineering is the induction of the major cartilage matrix proteins such as collagen II and aggrecan [ 6, 22, 32].
Therefore, DFAT cells have an advantage over ASCs in bone tissue engineering because the induction of osteoblasts from DFAT cells is more effective.
Improved knowledge of immune protection and a big leap in genetic engineering has allowed the induction of a variety of new types of vaccines through the manipulation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and sugars.
This capability could solve a major obstacle in the use of normal human cells for tissue engineering, that is, the induction of cellular senescence.
Notably, this system has recently been used in adoptive cell therapies (ACT) [ 13– 18], genetic engineering of human stem cells [ 19– 21] and the co-expression of transcription factors in the induction of pluripotent stem cells [ 22– 27].
These "2A-like" sequences have been used in adoptive cell therapies [ 12, 14, 15], genetic engineering of human stem cells [ 16, 18, 19], and the coexpression of transcription factors in the induction of pluripotent stem cells [ 17, 20– 23].
One consideration for engineering mAbs for coengagement of antigen with FcγRs is the induction of FcγR signaling pathways.
The induction of CYP2B10 in liver is completely dependent upon CAR, since no induction was noted in hUGT1/Car−/− mice (Fig. 5A).
