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Each microwell accommodates a single bacterium that was genetically engineered to respond to a specific analyte.
Flies with brains genetically engineered to respond to light learned to avoid certain smells as if they had experienced pain.
Designer ribozymes are engineered to respond to different effectors by in vitro selection, rational and computational design methods.
Optogenetics uses an optic fibre to send light into the brain, which specifically activates cells that are genetically engineered to respond to the light.
These switches can be engineered to respond to any ligand of choice and are therefore of great interest for synthetic biology.
Vectors can also be designed to respond to the local environment of a given cell or tissue, or engineered to respond to a small molecule drug.
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"Nobody ever has enough engineers to respond to client requirements," says Mack Gill of SunGard, an American financial-software developer.
In analysing systems such as urban and national parks, dams, farms and gardens, theme parks, open-pit mines, water catchments, one way to look at the relationship between sustainability and resiliency is to view the former with a long-term vision and resiliency as the capacity of human engineers to respond to immediate environmental events.
Perhaps their most important characteristic, based on recent developments in genetic engineering technology, is that prokaryotic cells can be molecularly engineered to respond in a dose-dependent manner, to yield readily quantifiable optical (colorimetric, fluorescent, or luminescent) or electrochemical signals to predetermined targets such as chemicals, biomolecules, or biological effects [ 3].
Similar findings were obtained with another reporter cell line, engineered to respond by NF-kB and/or AP-1-mediated pro-inflammatory signalling activation to TLR2 ligands (Fig. S3).
For this study, Parker and his colleagues took rat heart cells (used because they're much stronger than, say, human cardiac stem cells) and genetically engineered them to respond to light.
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