Engineered genetic systems are commonly unstable; if propagated, they evolve to reverse or modify engineered elements because the elements impair fitness.
Flowpaths are significantly affected by land use change and engineered elements across urban catchments.
And OOCs can be more sophisticated, too, because developers can add engineered elements, such as sensors, 'vasculature' to promote fluid and gas exchange, and features that facilitate imaging, that cannot spontaneously arise in organoids.
Efforts are being made to engineer elements of the carbon concentrating mechanism from cyanobacteria into higher plants (Lin et al., 2014; McGrath and Long, 2014), but what modifications would be needed to incorporate a mechanism from algae instead?
An engineered Tto1 element with 125 instead of the usual 574 base pairs repeated in the 5′ and 3′ region can still promote strand transfer during cDNA synthesis, defining a minimal Redundancy region for this element.
In spite of the existence of more than 2,500 different wood species catalogued in the Brazilian Amazon (SáRibeiro and SáRibeiro 1990), wood is very little used in Brazil as an engineered structural element (excluding conventional structures for residential roofs).
Mr. Tsvangirai said over the weekend that the arrest of Mr. Bennett, the party's treasurer, was a political act engineered by elements of Mr. Mugabe's party, ZANU-PF, that are bent on undermining the political settlement.
There exists significant potential for the development of environmentally friendly engineered structural elements by combining timber based products with other natural materials such as basalt fibre reinforced polymers.
The rescue efficacy of PRRSV with this system was approximately 10 50-fold 10 50-foldn thighervithanthenscrined RNA-based system and the traditional DNA-launched system without the engineered ribozyme elements, as determined by reporter GFP level in transfected cells and the peak titer of the recovery virus.
The insertion of an engineered P-element promoting expression of the neighboring target by GAL4 activation resulted in an approximately three-fold increase in Sin3A expression.
