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We conducted the study at pH 8.5, which is reasonably achievable in subsurface environments, and a degree of supersaturation (Ω = 9.4) that is plausible for engineered conditions.
Under engineered conditions, however, NIR heat flux is distributed out of the focus point, being not negligible.
Our study is applicable for the improvement of field-scale models used to predict the distribution of mineral precipitates under engineered conditions where solute activity gradients can affect local rates of reaction.
The simple process, using conventional sputtering and CVD apparatus, with carefully engineered conditions offers a route for practical application of CNTs.
Although a parabolic heater theoretically heats a target area at the same temperature, temperature distribution is made on the target area in engineered conditions.
On the other hand, in situ bioremediation is highly knowledge-intensive and its application requires a thorough understanding of the geochemistry, hydrogeology, microbiology and ecology of contaminated soils, groundwater and sediments, under both natural and engineered conditions.
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The goals of phenotypic analysis are to fully discern the physiological alterations (phenotype) induced by the engineered gene (genotype), and if feasible to define one or more easily measured biomarkers that can be used to monitor the progress of disease and the impact of therapeutic intervention on the engineered condition.
These characteristics of the BSAS top coat were related to its glass-ceramic nature, the phase/chemical stabilities of the BSAS-celsian at high temperatures and the engineered deposition conditions at which it was deposited.
We investigated if these requirements can be met by providing an intrinsic vascularization stimulus (via sustained action of VEGF secreted at a controlled rate by transduced myoblasts) to a cardiac patch engineered under conditions of effective oxygen supply (via medium flow through channeled elastomeric scaffolds seeded with neonatal cardiomyocytes).
The redox chemistry of the actinide elements plays a central role in many aspects of nuclear fission technology including the reprocessing of spent fuel, safe disposal strategies and in the ability to reliably predict the mobility of actinides in natural and engineered environmental conditions.
To address this, enrichment culture, where engineered culture conditions are used to promote growth of microorganisms with specific traits, has been applied [ 11– 15].
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