Robust approaches to the creation of diversity, construction of yeast libraries, and library screening or selection have been elaborated, improving the quality of engineered molecules and certainty of success in an antibody engineering campaign and positioning yeast display as one of the premier antibody engineering technologies currently in use.
The nation he built is one engineered around the certainty that more immigrants are coming, that industries like solar power are the future (and oil and gas are the past), and that a normal middle-class status cannot be guaranteed.
Left unanswered is whether Microsoft's managers, who are largely hard-core engineers schooled in certainty, can adapt themselves to the products that Mr. Mundie and Mr. Campbell see the company selling.
Deborah A. Burnette of the Navy, the spokesman here for salvage operations, said the wreckage might have to be brought to shore for inspection before engineers could say with certainty whether the piece was from the right or left booster rocket.
But can we say with certainty that genetically engineered plants are safe?
Even Google's engineers could not track, with absolute certainty, the attackers who appeared to be trying to steal their source code and, perhaps, insert a "Trojan horse" — a backdoor entryway to attack — in Google's search engines.
Because the existing well was constantly surveyed while it was being drilled, engineers know with a high degree of certainty where in the haystack the needle is.
A front-line commander, an engineer named Ali from Misrata, spoke with less certainty.
"At the time we had no certainty that the wholesale changes we engineered would bear fruit," he says.
If you're the type that prizes certainty and clarity (i.e., most engineers, business people and investors), then manufacturing confusion may sound like insanity.
