At the maximum effective elevation to engage surface targets, 45 degrees, the guns could hit targets up to 17,392 yards (15,903 m) away.
When the guns were used to engage surface targets, they could hit targets 17700 m away, at an elevation of 45 degrees.
This enabled to engage surface receptors in well-defined molecular and mechanical conditions.
We propose that the responsiveness of macrophages to weak stimuli is regulated by a signaling checkpoint in which degradation of LynA occurs when weak or low-valency ligands engage surface receptors; by contrast, LynA expression is maintained but not required when strong or high-valency ligands induce large-scale receptor clustering.
And in my own experience using a Nokia 920, I found that the social aspects didn't really draw me in or make me feel any more socially engaged – surfacing social updates just reminded me how largely disconnected I actually am from the majority of people in my Facebook stream, in fact.
By using an optical trap, a microparticle (e.g. cell, bead) can be manipulated non-destructively and directed towards a phagocytic cell, engaging cell surface receptors to trigger the phagocytosis process.
Consequently, Wall and colleagues proposed that when adjacent cells engage Tra-dependent surface interactions (i.e., homotypic interactions or interactions with other surface ligands), the OMs fuse locally and OM materials are exchanged (Wei et al., 2011; Pathak et al., 2012).
However, most of previous microarrayed synthetic polymers do not possess biological ligands (e.g., peptides) to directly engage cell surface receptors.
This spider-like device will then hope to engage the surface at "walking pace", deploying screws and harpoons in an effort to lock itself down to an object that has very little gravitational attraction.
For cases where mAbs are intended to engage cell surface receptors and prevent receptor-ligand interactions (i.e., antagonists), it may be desirable to reduce or eliminate effector function for example to prevent target cell death or unwanted cytokine secretion.
